Automatic forming machine



Feb. 1931- c. H. FISCHER ET AL 1,793,279

AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet. l

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Feb. 17, 1931. c. H. FISCHER ETAL 3 AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINE Filed Dec.17. 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 2 17, c. H. FISCHER ET AL 3 AUTOMATIC FORMI NGMACHINE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 4 I23 A.=. as o. .o2.- 5

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Feb. 17, I931. c. H. FISCHERETAL 1,793,279

AUTOMAT I G FORMI NG, MACH I NE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 8INDEX CENTER DRILL omu. gnaw INVEN TORJ.

Feb. 17, 1931. c H, FJSCHER ET AL 1,793,279

AUTOMATIC FORMING MACHINIE Filed Dec. 17, 1927 9 Sheets-Sheet 9 R/SES lNINV NTO/FJ:

metal. The term automatic Patented Feb. 17, 1931 UNITED STATES PATENTOFFICE cnannss nanny rrs'cm mp rannanrcx n. FISCHER, or cmcnmarr, oinoAUTOMATIC FOBMIIIG MAOHTNE Application filed December -17, m7. Serial 11240,154.

Automatic'forming machines to which our invention, relates employ aseries of tools which coact in sequence with the work for performingvarious cutting operations on orming machine is herein employed in itsbroader sense and includes automatic screw machinesian machines of thesame general character.. The tools are usually mounted in'se uence upon10 a turret 'which rotates intermlttently for .placing the respectivetools sequentially in 'coactive position with relation to the work.

Reciprocating movements are also imparted to the respective tools, thedurations of co- 1 actions between the tool and the work and the lengthsof the reciprocations being determined respectively by the amount ofmetal removed from the work at each relative rotation between the tooland the work, and

the distance the tool is moved with relation to the work. 7

The tool-turret is mounted on a turret-slide which is r'eciprocated forthe purpose of moving the respective toolstoward and from the work. Theturret-tools operate upon the work in directions lengthwise of. the axisof H the work; The turret-slide is also herein referred to as theend-slide and the tools thereon as the end-tools. In such machines thereis also usually a cross-slide at each side of the work, on which toolsare mounted which coact with thework by being reciprocated in crosswisedirection with relation to the work. The tools at .the respective sidesof the work 85 act upon the work in sequence, for instance,

for providing the periphery of the work with contours according to theshapes of tools on the cross-slides and for cutting oil the piecefinished by the machine. v

Endwise feeds of the material take place for repetitions of theoperations to reduce subsequent pieces of work. The fee of the work andits stoppage are also automatic. Means are also provided for rotatingthe work, which rotation may be in one direction, or reverse rotationsmay be imparted to the work, and in some instances rotations are imparted to selective tools, dependin on the character of cutting-to bedone by t e tools. The old type of machine of .this character which isnow in general use is aptly illustrated in United States Letters PatentNo. 604 306, granted W. S. Davenport assi or to rown & SharpeManufacturing mpany, Ma 17, 1898, for metal screw machine. 55

In mac mes of this character it has been heretofore usual to control theendwise movements of the turret-slide b means of an intelgral cam, onwhich 10 es were formed w 1011 respectively controlled the successive 60 movements of the turret-slide toward the work for durations and fordistances determined b the cutting which the respective tools were 0plerform u on the work.

Assuming t at six en wise operations were to be performed upon the work,that is to say, assuming-a turret provided with six tools andarranged tointermittently rotate for six positions of the turret, so that thg sixtools operate in sequence upon the work, it has been customary to rovidea cam with six cam-lobes integral t ereon for each object to be:Eormed'by the machine. These cams are very expensive to make and if, inthe making of the cam, an one of the lobes should be incorrect, or if itshould be desired to change the cutting done by any one of the toolseither in duration or length, achangein the lobe,

of the cam'controlling said tool would be required, which wouldnecessitate the making so of a complete new cam with the six lobesintegral thereon. a i w Furthermore, in machines of this character thedurations oi intermittent rotations of the turret are constant, whilespeed change mechanism is provided for selected speeds of rotation ofthe cam. The multi-lobed cam is provided with a cam ortion for eachretraction of the turret-sli e, by providing a low point or depressionin the cam between each pair of lobes. These depressions in the camextend throughout such angle in the cam as to permit intermittentangular rotation of the turret, and this an le is computed upon thebasis of the selecte speed of rotation of the o5 cam which determinesthe speed of successive operations of the series of tools forperformingthe work, apiece of the work being completed at each rotationof the cam. The angular distances in the circle of rotation of the camoccupied by the respective lobes is based upon a redetermined desired seed of rotation 0 the cam for finishing a piece of work within a giventime.

If now it should be found that, by reason of change in material beinoperated on, or for other reason, the wor could be performed morerapidly and that more pieces could be produced per hour by speeding uprotations of the cam, such speedin u o rotation of the cam has disarrangt e relation between duration of rotation of the turret at its constantspeed and the speed of rotation of the tool-moving cam, because thedepressions in the cam reserved for duration of rotation of the turretat constant speed were no longer of sufiicient angular extent at theincreased speed of the cam.

It has therefore been found heretofore that such an integral cam whenonce made could not have its rotations s ceded up, because itdisarranged the relation etween the rotations of the turret at constants eed and the reciprocations of the turret-sli e at new increased speed,with the result that the angular distance of rotation of the camoriginally reserved for .turret rotation was, at the increased speed ofrotation of the cam, no longer sufiicient to complete the angle ofrotation of the turret and proper presentation of the next tool inproper position to the work,

which made the cam useless for such in creased s eed, and necessitatedthe making of an entire y new cam for increased spec of operation uponthe work.

These methods-of operation, which have heretofore been the usualractice, have been very expensive, have limited output of the machines,and have made the use of a machine of this character rohibitive for manyclasses of work, and prohibitive in cost unless gpeat numbers amountinto a great many t ousands, of the same article were-to be produced insuccession.

It is rapidly becoming the policy however for customers to order theproducts of machines of this character in small lots, largely on accountof frequent changes in l-manufad tured products, so that long runs ofmachines of this character in continuous] producing large quantities ofthesameartic e are becoming rather infrequent, making the operations ofmachines of this character rather expensive.

It is the object of our invetion to provide new cam mechanism inmachines of this character, andto segregate the cams controlling thevarious reciprocations of the tool-slide so as to independentlydetermine the'duration and distance of movement for each tool desired;further, to provide for permitting change in relation between thecutting movements of the various tools; and, further, to provide forpermitting change in angular rerocations of the tools; and, further, toso arrange and relate these separate cam-lobes that they act in sequenceupon the respective tools for successive operations of the tools uponthe work, and for change of angular relation between the lobes forproper rotations of the turret at constant speed so that each Fsuccessive tool is properly positioned with reore coaction between thelation to the work be tool and the work takes place.

Our invention further contemplates the provision of proper preformedseparate cam-lobes, arranged in series, for coordinate assemblyrforproducing a composite cam of desired form, dependent on the number oftools or turret movements and the de sired durations and distances ofmovements of the respective tools, and for ready change of any of saidelements by exchange of camlobes, for correction.or desired change indurations or de ths of cuts, and for desired change in angu ar relationbetween the camlobes for ermitting change in speed of rotation of t ecam, regardless of intermittent movements of the turret at constantspeed.

It is the object of our invention further to provide im roved relationsof separate cam-lobes, an means for assembling the same; further, toprovide novel means for assembling the cam-lobes in angular relation andfor changin such angular relations; further, to provide forinterchangeability between cam-lobes for endwise movement of the endtool-slide and for crosswise movement of the cross tool-slide; and,further, to provide novel means for changing angular relations betweencam-lobes for the crossslides'.

The invention wiil be further readily understood from the followingdescri tion andclaims, and from the drawings in t is application. I

We have exemplified our invention in connection with an automatic screwmachine employing an endwise slidable tool-slide, on which a turret ismounted for presenting the various tools serially to the work, andemployingcross-slides for coaction of tools in crosswise directions withrelation to the work, although it is obvious that our invention isapplicable to other machines, and the machine exemplified is to beunderstood as a'mere'mechanism embodyin our invention.

We have further exempl ed our invention in connection. with a' given rane of work, that is, diameters of work and urations, speeds and lengthsof cutting operations, and it is understood that the a plica- .tion ofour invention may be extende so as to include reater diameters and otherdurations, spee s and lengths of cutting operao tions. 7 7

a In the drawings:

Fig. 1 is a front side elevation of so much of the exemplifying screwmachine as is-necessary to il ustrate our invention.

Fig. 2 is a rear side elevation of the same. Fig. 3 is a rear endelevation of the same.

Fig. 4 is a plan view'of the same.

Fig. 5 is a longitudinal vertical section of a portion of the same,taken on the line 5-5 of ig. 6 .1s a vertlcal cross-section of the same,taken in the plane of the line 6-6 of Fig. 7 is a cross-section of theexem lifyin machine, taken'on the line 77' of ig. 4. Fig. 8 is ahorizontal section of a detail of the same, taken in the plane of theline e s of Fig. 7.

Fig. 9 is an exemplifying composite cam,

0, composed of three of our improved camlobes with spacing collarsinterposed.

Fig. 10 is a side view of the side cam-lobe mounting, partly in section,and partly broken away.

I Fig. 11 is an axi 1 section of the same, taken in the'plane'of t eline 11-11 of Fig. 10.

Fig. 12 isan enlarged view of a central portion of a cam-lobe and itsmounting, showing the relation of the teeth and pos- 4 tioning marks,partly broken away.

Fig. 13 is an enlarged viewof the turret, partly broken away, and partlyin section on the axisof the tapping tool.

Fi 14 is a plan view of one of our exemplifymg cam-lobes.

Fig. 15 isa similar view of another of our i exeinplifyin g cam-lobes.

Fig. 16 is a similar view of an exemplifying threading cam-lobe.

Fi 17 representsa table of operations for formlng'a piece of work.

Fig. 18 is a side elevation of the stock-bar,

artl broken away, and having its end shown in axial section and partlyformed.

5 Fig. 19 is an axial section of a completed piece of work.

Fig. 20 is an exemplification of end camlobes, imposed on anangularscale, with the clamp-nut removed.

Fig. 21 is an exemplification of a side camlobe used for forming,imposed on an angular scale, and mounted on its shaft, the shaft beinshown in cross-section on the line 21-21 of 1g. 10.

Fig. 22 is an exemplification of a side camwith the work.

lobe used for cutting off, imposedon an angular scale partly broken awaythe cam-lobe being shown mounted, its shait being shown in section onthe line 22-22 of Fig. 10.

camclamp'innut being removed.

Fig; 2 isan exemplification of a series of threading cams imposed one onthe other.

Fig. 25 represents a tabulation of the threading cams.

Fig. 26 is a still further exemplification of end cam-lobes imposedonan' angular scale, the clam ing nut being removed.

Fig. 2 is a further exemplification of a side cam-lobe used for forming,imposed on aFn agnlgular scale and shown similarly to Fig. 28'is afurther exemplification of a side cam-lobe used for cutting ofit',imposed on an angular scale, and show-n'similarly to Fig. 22.

Fig. 29 is a tabulation of an exemplifying series ofcam-lobes'arrangedin steps of angu-.

lar distances and of rises.

The frame 21 supportsan end tool-slide 22, which is reciprocated backand forth on guides 23 on the frame. The tool-slide supports thetool-turret 24, which is'journaled ina bearing 25 on the slide. (Figs. 1to 5). The turret is provided with tool holdin means "26., of which sixare shown, arrange equidistantly in angular relation about the axis ofthe turret. (Fig. 13). Tools are fixed in these tool holdin means. Sixof these tools are shown. The number and kind of tools may vary,dependent on the work, and the number of tool holding means on theturret may also vary, according to the desired capacity ofthe machine.The turret is rotated intermittentl to present the tools sequentially tothe worl for sequential coaction with the work in order to performsuccessive operations upon the work.

Suitable means are provided for intermittently rotating the turret andpermitting the turret to rest in its respective angular positions forcoactions of its respective tools Themeans for rotating the turret andholding the turret in work positions may be of suitable or usualconstruction.)

The intermittent rotations of the turret are in the resentexemplification caused by a driven isk 31 having a pin 32 thereon.- Thepin is arranged to operate in radial slots 33 in a disk 34 fixed to theturret-s indie 35 for rotating the turret one-sixth o a revolution ateach rotation of the driven disk 31 The material operated on may be suchas is usually operated on in a machine of this character, and isexemplified as a metal rod 36, for instance, a solid round brass bar,which is passed intermittently through a quill-spindle 37 and isautomatically fed intermittently Fig. 23 is a further exemplificatlon ofend obes imposed on. an angular scale, the

through said spindle b suitable mechanism, not more particularlyescribed because wellknown, and intermittently held in a suitablecollet-chuck 38, in said spindle while being erated on by the respectivetools, such 0 uck being not more particularly described becausewell-known. The spindle is arranged to be rotated for rotating the work,as by means of pulleys 39, 40, which rotate in opposite directions, orat difi'erent speeds, according to the character of work, suitableclutch means being provided for im arting any of said rotative eifectsto the spinfile.

Cross tool-slides 41, 42, are arranged to reciprocate crosswise of thematerial in guides 1 43, 44, on the frame. (Fig. 7 These crossslides areprovided with tool-holders 45, 46, crosswise ad'ustable in suitablemanner on the cross-sli es, and arranged for receiving tools-47, 48,rigidly connected therewith for roaction with the material by lateralmovements of the cross-slides with relation to the material. Such toolsare usually tools for forming the periphery of the material, and

. for cutting ofi' the finished object from the rod of material, the rodbeing then automatically fed axially for presenting a new portionthereof for coaction with the tools.

The means for moving the tool-slide 22, also herein called theend-slide, com rise a lever 51 pivoted on a. cross-rod 52 fixe in themain frame. (Fig. 5.) These means advance the end tool-slide in cuttindirection. This lever has on it a segment-rac 53 which meshes with atoothed rack 54 on the turretslide. A cross-shaft'55 has a cam 56rotatively fixed thereto. The cam coacts with a roller 57 rotating on anaxle 58 fixed in bearin 59 of a fork 60 of the lever 51.

he turret-slide comprises the sections 61, 62. The toothed rack 54 is onthe section 61. A crank-disk 63 is journaled in the section 62. A link64 is articulatedat one end on a pin 65 in the section 61 and at itsother end is articulated with the crank-pin on .the disk 63. When theend-slide is in extreme cutting position, the swinging end of the lever51 is against the frame at 66, forming an anchor for the section 61 ofthe turret-slide. The

, from the crank-disk 63 is thereupon rotated a single rotation by usual-means, which positively withdraws the section 62 away from the materialand positively draws the tool iaway work, the section 61 being meanwhileretracted by the action of the se ment lever 51 for again straighteningthe link 64 to normal position.

. A spring 67 located in a bore 68 in the frame normallyretractsthetool-slide and maintains the roller 57 in contact with the cam 56.The spring coacts with a plunger 69 in the bore 68 for pushing theplunger normally outwardly. The plunger is provided with an annulargroove 70 in which a pin 71 is received, the pin projecting rigid y fromthe section 61 of the end tool-slide through a slot 72 in the wall ofthe bore 68, for imparting movements of the plunger induced by thespring to the tool-slide for retracting the latter.

Means for advancing the cross-slides toward the work are exemplified aslevers 75, 76, pivoted on a pivot-rod 77 fixed in bearings 78 in theframe. The outer ends of said levers are provided respectively withrollers 79, 80, j ournaled on pins 81, 82, fixed in bearings 83, 84,respectively in forks 85, 86, on the outer ends of said respectivelevers. (See Figs. 1 and 7.) a v The lever is rovided with a segmentgear87 which mes es with a toothed rack 88 on the cross-slide 41. The lever76 is provided with a segment-gear 89 which meshes with a segment-gear90 on a lever 91 journaled on a rod 92 fixed in hearings in themainframe. The lever 91 is provided with a segment-gear 93 which mesheswith a tooth rack 94 on the cross-slide 42. Similar movements of theouter ends of the levers 75, 76, cause movements in opposite directionsof the cross-slides 41, 42, toward the work.

The cross-slides are normally retracted away from the work respectivelyby springs. One of thesesprings is shown in Fig. 8 at 95, located inabore 96. A sector of the wall of the hero is formed in the guideway onwhich the cross-slide slides, the remaining portion of said Wall beingformed in the cross-slide. One end of the spring bears against the endwall of the part of the bore in the guideway and the other end of thespring bears against a clip 97 secured to the cross-slide. The springsnormally retract the cross-slides in opgosite directions away from thework.

an -lobes 101, 1 02, mounted on a shaft 103 journaled in bearings 104 ofthe main frame control the movements of the respective crossslidestoward the work.

The intermittent turret rotations and the rotations of the cams areeifected through the medium of a drive-shaft 105, journaled in bearings106 in the main frame, and having a pulley 107 thereon. Suitable clutchmechanism 108 suitably operated connects the pulley with thedrive-shaft. The rotations of the pin-disk 31 are efiected when it isauto-. matically connected with the drive-shaft by means of a suitableclutch 109 automatically operated by usual control means. Theintermittent rotations of the turret are efi'ected by means of the driveshaft 105. The speeds of such intermittent rotations are constant, andare not afi'ected by the speed change gearing mechanism located betweenthe driveshaft and the cam-shafts which control the tool-slidereciprocations. This speed changing mechanism is shown generally aschange-gears 110, between the shaft and a shaft 111, journaled in abearing in the main frame and having a worm 112 fixed thereto. The worm112 meshes with a worm-wheel 113 fixed to a cross-shaft 114 journaled ina bearing in the main frame. The shaft 114 has a bevel-gear 115 fixedthereto, which meshes with a bevelgear 116 fixed to the cam-shaft 103which carries the cams for the cross-slides.

This shaft 114 has a gear 117 fixed thereto, which meshes with a gear118 fixed to the camshaft 55, which carries the cam 56 for endwisemovements of the turret-slide. The speeds of rotation of the cam-shaftsmay be changed by means of the speed change gear- 111 v fin machines ofthis character, as heretofore constructed, the cam 56 has been anintegral cam, having thereon the desired number of lobes integral witheach other and located in the same plane, causin the successive desiredendwise movements 0 the turret-slide, each of such cams being cut forthe specific work to be performed and the lobes thereof being integralwtih the cam and each of the other lobes thereon. Each cam, therefore,was a fixed cam, having each contact-portion thereof, which coacts withthe roller for operating the end-slide, fixed with relation to every.other such contact-portion of the entire cam, and these contact-portionswere definitely related angularly to form the depressions in the campermitting retractions of the toolslide and intermittent rotations ofthe turret at fixed or constant speeds.

These cams with all the lobes integral therewith, after being speciallyshaped for the particular work to be performed have in practiceheretofore been hardene and the cam once made could not be altered ineconomical factory practice, and it has heretofore been the practice, ifany change in any portion of any one of the lobes was necessary afterthe cam had been made, to discard the cam entirely and make a new cam,resulting in a new additional expense which is quite materia Not onlywas it found necessary to provide an entirely new cam with all itslobes, in case any change in cam relation was necessary, due to mistakein layout of any contact portion or to change in product, or otherreason, but such cams, when once made with a prede termined relation ofspeed of rotation of the cam surfaces to the angular distances of thedepressions for permitting the intermittent turret rotations, fixed thespeed of operation of the machine and the number of pieces which couldbe made within a stated time, so that if it was found advisable toincrease the speed of operation of the machine to produce a greaternumber of parts for a given interval of time, it was found necessary tomake an entirely new cam with all the lobes thereof differently spaced aart for providing different sizes of angu ar depressions between thelobes in order to permit proper intermittent rotations of the turretwithout interference between the tools on the turret and the work.

In our invention each lobe is a separate art of a composite cam, and wecorrelate t ese cam-lobes in angular relation for sequential coaction ofthe successive cam-lobes with the tool-slide, and s ace the separatecam-lobes in angular relation for forming depressions between cam-lobesfor proper retractions of the end tool-slide permitting turretrotations, and we furthermore provide a coactin part or roller on theactuated lever for e ecting tool feeding movements, which coacts withall of the cam-lobes, which are arranged side by side about acommonaxis.

VVe'furthermore provide a series of standard cam-lobes, arrangedstepwise in such steps of progression of angular durations and rises asmay be determined, so that substantially all usual operations which itmay be desired to perform on a machine of this character, are effectedby proper selection of such standard cam-lobes and the proper angularplacement of such cam-lobes withrelation to each other.

The circle on which our improved camlobes are imposed is divided intoone hundred equal angular spaces. Our improved camlobes are arranged insteps of angular distances, which may he steps of five hundredths (.05),that is to say, the peripheral cam-faces of the respective cam-lobes,which control duration of tool coaction with the work, occupy angularspaces which differ in steps of five hundredths (.05), one of thecam-lobes having a peripheral cam-face extending throughout an angle offive hundredths (.05) the next extending throughout an angle 0 tenhundredths (.10), the next throughout an angle of fifteen hundredths(.15), and so on throughout the series.

Our improved cam-lobes are also arranged in steps of rises, which may besteps of twenty-five one-thousandths (.025) of an inch, that is to say,the peripheral cam-faces of the respective cam-lobes, which controldistances of tool coaction with the work, rise for distances whichdiffer in steps of twentyfive one-thousandths (.025) of an inch, one ofthe cam-lobes having a peripheral camface which has a rise oftwenty-five onethousandths (.025) of an inch between its lower end andits higher end, the next having such rise of fifty one-thousandths(.050) of an inch, the next having such rise of seventy-fiveone-thousandths (.075) of an inch, and so on throughout the series.Cam-lobes of various rises are provided for each step of angulardistance. 5

The cam-face may at the high end of its rise have a concentric portionor dwell face, to cause the tool to dwell at the final portion of itscut for finishing purposes, which dwell face may extend throughout anangle of two one-hundredths (.02) of the circle. This dwell face isexemplified as included in the angular distance or length of theperipheral cam-face of the cam-lobe.

Thus we have in Figs. 14, 15 and 16 exemplified three of such cam-lobes.

In the cam-lobe 122 exemplified in Fig. 14, the angular distanceoccupied by the peripheral cam-face 123 for tool coaction in cutting isfive hundredths (.05), represented by the angle a, and the angle of thedwell is two hundredths (.02), represented by the angle 5, the angle afor convenience includin the angle 6. This cam-face has a rise 0 onehundred and fifty one-thousandths (.150) of an inch, represented at c.

In the cam-lobe 124 exemplified in Fig. 15, the angular extent a of therise of the cam is thirty-five hundredths (.35), the angle of the dwellb is two hundredths (.02), the angle a being inclusive of the angle 5,and the rise ((1 is tl)iree hundred and fifty one-thousandths In thecam-lobe 125 exemplified in Fig. 16,

which is a threading cam, the angular extent of the rise a of the cam isfifteen hundredths (.15), and the angular extent of the fall at of thecam is fifteen hundredths (.15) the inclusive an is of the cam beingthirty hundredths (.30 The rise 0 of this cam is exemplified as threehundred and seventy-five thousandths (.375) of an inch, and corres ondswith threading cam No. 7 hereinafter escribed.

Each of the cam-lobes is provided with a quick-rise face 127, at one ofits ends, for quickly moving the tool-slide to its proximate positionfor coaction between its tool and the work, and the cam-lobe is alsoprovided with a quick drop-face 128 at its other end, for permitting theroller to drop quickl oil of the cam-face for quick retraction 0 thetool-slide and tool. The cam-lobes are also provided with a hub 129,which has a rising surface 130 for the roller 57, this rising surfacebeing at the point of extreme retraction of the roller. The hub is notnecessarily contacted by the roller when the cam-lobes are assembled asa composite cam.

Each of the cam-lobes is provided with a radial line 131 and a radialline 132 to show the angular extent of the rise of the cam, the cambeing provided with a mark 133 to denote this angular extent. The lobemay be provided with a further radial line 134, the distance between theradial lines 132 and 134 showing the extent of the dwell of the cam. Thelatter angle is exemplified as included in the former angle. Thecam-lobe may be provided with a mark 135 to denote the angle of thisdwell. The line 134 and the mark 135 may be omitted on the assumptionthat all such cam-lobes are provided with such dwell. The cam-lobeFsalso provided with a mark 136, to denote the extent of rise of thecami The respective cam-lobes are formed out of metal plates and havetheir cam portions suitably hardened after formation. Cam-lobes havingthereon cam-faces which cause the respective tools to operate on thework for approximately the durations and for the dis stances desiredupon the Work, for perform ing various operations desired, are selectedfrom the series of standardized cam-lobes, and are angularly arrangedabout their axes so as to provide depressions 140 between the lobes forreception of the roller 57, to permit retractions of the tool-slide atrequired intervals for rotations of the turret and presentation ofdifferent tools sequentially to the work.

The cam-lobes so selected and angularly arranged about their axes aresecured together, so as to form a composite cam, which rotates as a unitabout its axis for coaction with the roller 57. The roller is made ofsuch length as to coact with all of the several cam lobes arranged sideby side.

In order to facilitate such arrangement of thecam-lobes, we provide acollar 141 provided with an end annularflange 142. The respectivecam-lobes are prbvided with central holes 143 which snugly fit thecollar so as to center the lobes on the collar. (See Figs. 6, 14, 15 and16).

The collar is provided with a keyway 144, the radial center of whichcorresponds to a radial line 145 on theend-face of the collar, whichcorresponds to the zero position for the angular one hundred spacesabout the circumference of the shaft 55. (See also Figs. 12 and 20).This radial line is preferably marked accordingly. This key-slotreceives the key 146 between said collar and said shaft. The end face ofthe collar is provided with a scale 137 of radial lines to correspondwith the one hundred spaces of the angular spacings of the cam-lobes.The graduation marks on the end-face of the collar are preferablydivided into major groups of ten, which are subdivided into groups offive, which are in turn divided into single hundredths.

The outer periphery of the collar is provided with teeth 138, of whichthere are one hundred. The tooth-spaces correspond in position with thedivision lines of the scale 137, and the walls of the holes of thecamlobes are provided with complemental teeth 139, of which there arealso one hundred. the graduations on the end-face of the hub registeringwith these teeth. This constructmn enables the accurate assembly of therespective cam-lobes in angular divisions of onehundredth (.01) on thecollar, with accurate placements of the cam-lobes with the desiredangular distances between them measured in hundredths.

Fig. 20 represents an assembly of cam-lobes on the collar with the nutof the collar removed, the shaft being shown in the collar and thecam-lobes bein gram representing the hundred spaces into which thecircle has been divided, as hereinbefore explained.

In assembling the cam-lobes on the collar (see Figs. 6, 12 and 20), thefirst cam-lobe is placed overthe collar with its line 131 in line withthe zero mark on the scale on the end face of the collar. The nextcam-lobe is then slipped over the collar with its angle line 131 in linewith that mark of the scale on the end face of the collar as correspondswith the desired position of the cam-face on the second cam-lobe in thecomposite cam. The third and subsequent cam-lobes are placed over thecollar in similar manner to form the composite cam. All of the camlobesare clamped to the collar .by means of a nut 147 threaded over thethreaded end 148 of the collar.

The teeth or clutch faces between the walls of the holes in thecam-lobes and the outer periphery of the collar position and maintainthe cam-lobes in angular relations so that the cam-lobes have thecorrect angular positions in the completed composite cam. Six of thecam-lobes are shown mounted on the collar, but if it is desired to use aless number, for instance three, the spaces on the collar which wouldnormally be occupied by cam-lobes may be occupied by filling plates 149,(see Fig. 9) which are of the same thickness as the cam-lobes and havean outer periphery corres onding in radial distance to the position 0the rising face 130.

The com osite cam is, after assembly,

placed on t e shaft 55, with the key in the collar received in thekey-slot in the shaft, (Figs. 12 and 20), to correctly angularly placethe composite cam on the shaft. The collar is then clamped to the shaftby means of a nut 150, which is threaded to the threaded end 151 of theshaft. (Fig. 6.) The nut is preferably extended through a bearing 152 inthe frame of the machine, and has a polygonal outer end 153 forreception of a wrench. The thread between the nut and the shaft ispreferably in such direction that rotation of the shaft inusualdirection tends to tighten the nut. There is preferably a space 154between the end of the shaft and the side frame 155 of the machine sothat the composite cam may be conveniently removed from the shaft andpassed through an opening 156 in the rear of the frame. (Fig. 3.)

The compositecam is rotated by the camshaft. The respective cam-lobescoact with the roller 57. The various cam-lobes coact with differentparts in the length of the roller in the present exemplification, forcausing aotuations of the lever 51, and consequent actuations of thetool-slide 22 in cutting directions, the retractions of the tool-slidebeing automatically obtained and the turret being imposed on adiaautomatically caused to turn during retracted positions of thetool-slide.

If it should be found after assembling the composite cam that the speedof cutting may be increased, the angular s aces between the cam-lobesmay be increase as by angularly resetting the various cam-lobes on thecollar, or by substituting other cam-lobes having shorter distanceangles with the same rises, so as to increase the angular spaces betweenthe cam-lobes in the composite cam in order that proper time may begiven between the cuttin actuations for turret rotations.

If, urther, it should be found desirable to change the cam-face on anyone of the lobes, a different lobe having the desired cam-face, ma beselected from our standard cam-lobes an substituted, and the variouscam-lobes reassembled for forming the composite cam, all of the othercam-lobes being retained in the composite cam. Special cam-lobes mayalso be provided for special or unusual movements of any of the tools,and these may be assembled with our standardized cam-lobes for forming acomposite cam.

By employment of our invention composite cams may be formed ofstandardized ca1nlobes, and the respective cam-lobes may be employed inany number of composite cams, thus dispensing with the necessity offorming a number of cam-faces on an integral'cam, which integral cam canbe employed only as an entity for its particular jo In our improveddevice further the lever 51 for the end-slide and the levers 75, 76, forthe cross-slides, are so related in length and position of fulcrum, thatthe cam-lobes are interchangeable on the end cam-shaft and on thecam-shaft of the cross-slides, so that any of the standardized cam-lobesof our series of cam-lobes may also be employed for opera ting thecross-slides.

We further provide novel means for anguiarly relating the cam-lobes forthe respective cross-slides, on the cam-shaft for the crossslides, andwith relation to each other. Thus the cam-shaft 103 for the cross-slidesis provided with a reduced portion 161, which has a key-groove 162therein. (See Figs. 1, 10, 11 and 27). A collar 163 is received overthis reduced end of the shaft. The respective ends of the collar areprovided with reduced ends 164, 165, which respectively have teeth 166on their outer peripheries, there being one hundred of these teeth oneach of these ends, to correspond with the number and arrangement of theteeth in the wall of the hole of the respective cam-lobes. A collar 167is received over the reduced portion 161 at the inner end of the reducedportion, and has a key-groove 168 therein in line with the keygroove162.

The outer peripheries of the collars 163,

167, are respectively provided with scales 169, 170, the graduations ofwhich are prefwhen desired.

erably one hundred in number, to correspond with the one hundreddistance spaces of the cam-lobes. (Fig. 10). The marks of thesegraduations register with the tooth-spaces between the teeth 166, thelines coinciding with the middle of said key-grooves re istering withthe zero lines of said sca es. (Corresponding to. the scale showing ofFig.

12). The said scales are preferably divided into major groups of ten,subdivided into groups of five, which are in turn divided into singlehundredths.

The side cam-lobes 101, 102, are respectively placed about these reducedends. Each of the side cam-lobes is placed on its hub with the radialline 131 thereon in registry with that division of the scale whichcorresponds to the desired position of the beginning of the rise of thecam-lobe on the camshaft 103. (See Figs. 21, 22, 27 and 28). A key 171is located in the key-grooves 16:2, 168, and in a complemental keygroove in the shaft extension, so as to angularly position the collars163, 167, on the cam-shaft 103. (Fig. 10.) The positioning of each sidecam-lobe with its graduation mark 131 in registry with the desired oneof the marks of the respective scales 169, 170, angularly positions thecamlobes for the cross-slides on the cam-shaft 103 and with relation toeach other. The position of the cam-lobes on the cam-shaft and withrelation to each other can therefore be aciomplished in steps of onehundredths.

Each of the side cam-lobes is thereby placed in such angular relation onthe cam-shaft 103 that the beginning of the rise of each of thesecam-lobes is incorrect position for the work to be performed by thecross-slide. The collars and cam-lobesare placed in this assembledrelation on the shaft extension 161.

Each of the cam-lobes may also be moved endwise ofi of its collar,rotated and replaced on its collar to change its angular relation withthe cam-shaft 103 and with relation to the other of said cam-lobes,while the collars are on the cam-shaft.

A clutch collar 172 is received over the shaft extension and isrotatively held thereto by means of the key 171. A nut 173 is receivedwithin the clutch collar and over the threaded end of the shaftextension, and clamps all of the collars and the side camlobes rigidlyto the shaft. The complemental clutch-member 174 is movable endwise intoengagement with the clutchcollar 172 (Figs. 1, 10 and 11).

Exemplifying the operation of ourinvention, Fig. 17 represents a tableof operations for forming the piece of work 175 shown in Fig. 19. Column177 is a column of operations to be performed. Column 17 8 is a columndesignating the tool feed per revolution calculated for each of the endtools. Column 179 is a column of number of revolutions calculated foreach of the operations. Column 180 shows the an lar distances inhundredths or angular urations of the cam-lobes calculated for theVarious operations includ, ing the dwell faces on the various cam-lobes,this column also including the angular spaces in hundredths for turretoperations. Column 181 enumerates the depths of cut for the various tooloperations of the end tools, designated-in thousandths of an inch.Column 182 designates the depths of cut and calculated angular distancesfor the tool operations of the side tools, the designations beingbracketed about those end cutting operations during which the operationsof the side-tools take place.

Assuming now that it'requires 27 revolutions of the spindle to index theturret, as per calculation in column 179, and that it is desired toindex the turret in an angular movementof the composite cam of .05, eachangular movement of .01 will equal 5.4 revolutions of the spindle,making a total of 540 revolutions of the spindle for one completerotation of the composite cam, the proper speed change being made in thechange'gears 110 to produce this result. It will be assumed further thatcam-lobes in steps of angular distance of .05 only are available.

In selecting the proper cam-lobes in steps of .05 for the various tools,and greater numbers of revolutions being allowed for the cuttingoperations, such cam-lobes are selected as most closely approach thecalculated angles set forth in column 180 which are of the next greatervalue to those given in such column. Thus a cam-lobe of .15 angle isselected for the box tool and dwell, which cam-lobe acts in thetool-cutting function during the number of revolutions of the spindlethat 15 multiplied by 5.4 equals, namely 81 revolutions, being thenumber of revolutions designated in column 185.

In this tabulation, column 184 represents the resultant selected toolfeeds per revolution; column 185 is a column of the number ofrevolutions of each of the operations during the angular movements ofthe cam-lobes selected, the selected angles of cam-lobes being found incolumn 186, which also includes the selected angles for feeding thestock and for turret indexings. The rise in thousandths of the cam-lobesin column 187 for each operation remains the same as the depth of cutdesignated in column 181, threading cam No.

4 hereinafter described being selected for pro- L ret indexing and dwellin the column 177 of operations to be performed.

Corresponding designations of operations of the end-slide are imposed onFig. 20, which shows a face view of the selected standard cam-lobes andthe relative positions of the same for forming the composite camassembled to perform the various operations necessary to complete thepiece of work shown in Fig. 19, by selection of cam-lobes from a set ofcam-lobes, the angular distances of durations of whose cam-faces 123 aredivided into steps of five hundredths (.05) and whose rises are dividedinto steps of twenty-five thousandths (.025) of an inch.

These cam-lobes are quickly assembled by selection from the series ofstandard camlobes and quickly placed upon the machine, and production ofthe repetitional work is quickly begun without the necessity of firstforming an integral cam having thereon all of the cam surfaces necessaryto form that particular piece of work, as has been the usual practiceheretofore, with the chance, further, in the usual practice heretofore,if a mistake he made in any portion of the integral cam, that a newintegral cam would have to be made, all at additional expense, whichexpense is prohibitive for the produc- 30 tion of work of this characterin comparatively small numbers, but which work is economically andquickly performed by employment ofour invention.

As an example, it may be stated that by 35 providing our improved seriesof cam-lobes only in steps of five hundredths (.05) of angulardifferences, and in steps of rises having diiferences of twenty-fiveone-thousandths (.025) of aninch, all of the usual combinations ofangular distancesor durations and rises or extents of movements of thetool may be provided for usual operations.

In the example stated, and referring to Figs. 13, 17 and 20, the bar tobe cut is fed endwise in the hollow spindle against the stock-stop 191in the turret, and clamped, the roller 57 coacting with the cam-lobe 192shown in Fig. 20. The cam-lobe for stopping the stock has a contact-facewhich has no rilse and extends throughout the desired ane. g The turretis then automatically retracted and automatically indexed, that is,rotated one-sixth of a revolution during retracted 3 position of theturret for presenting the boxtool 193 to the work.

This box-tool cuts the annular rabbet 194-. on the piece of work,exemplified of brass, the roller 57 coacting with t e cam-lobe 195 C9shown in Fig. 20. The box-tool is retracted, and the turret againindexed for bringing the next tool 196, which is a center drilling tool,

in line with the work.

- This centerdrilling tool drills a small cen- (5 tering hole 190 in theend 197 of the work,

the roller 57 coactin with the cam-lobe 198 shown in Fig. 20. T e turretis next indexed for causing register of the drill 199 on the turret withthe work The turret is next caused to approach the work under coactionof the roller 57 with the cam-lobe 200 shown in Fig. 20, for drillin thehole 201 in the end of the workto a dept of three-eighths inch byemployment of the drilling tool 199, this tool entering the centeringhole' previously made. The drilling tool is withdrawn, the turret beingindexed for presenting the next drilling tool 202 to the work, the toolentering the hole 201, the roller 57 coactin with the cam-lobe 203 shownin Fig. 20, for rilling the hole 205 to its depth of five-elghths inch.

Upon withdrawal of the last-named tool, the turret is again indexed forpresenting the tapping tool 204 to the work for the urpose of threadingthe hole 201 'ust formed The forming tool 47 on t e front cross-slide41, for formin the annular rabbets 211, 212, on the piece 0 work, ismoved into the work by the cam-lobe 101, (see Fi 21), which moves thefront cross-slide 41, t e front crossslide then being retracted. Thisoperation takes place during the time that the cam-lobe 198 acts on theend-slide for the center drill ing operation, the next, indexing of theturret, the following coaction of the cam-lobe 200 with the end-slidefor the initial drilling, the following turret indexing, and thecoaction of the next cam-lobe 203 with the endslide for completion ofthe drilling.

The tapping tool204 on the end slide has just been presented to thework, as hereinbefore stated. The work is assumed to rotate at a speedof 4800 R. P. M. This speed being too hlgh for successful tap ing,rotation is imparted to the tapping too in the same direction as thedirection of rotation of the work, by means of the bevel gears 213, 214,

(Fig. 13), operated in usual manner, for rotating the tap ing tool atone-half the speed of rotation of the work, namely, at 2400 R. P. M. Thetapping tool advances into the work under influence of coaction of theroller 57 with the cam-lobe 215 shown in Fi 20. The rotation of the workis then stoppe that of the tapping tool, however, continuing, with theresult that the ta ping tool follows the threads just made in t e pieceof work, while the tapping tool is being withdrawn.

In this connection'it may be stated that it is preferable to employ atapping tool which is floatingly mounted, for instance as exemplified inFig. 13. This tapping tool comprises a hollow shank 219 provided with aflange 221. The shank is inserted in a bushing 220 fixed in the turretand rotates in this bushing. It is axially held in the bushing by theflan e 221 at its outer end, the inner end thereo having the bevel-gear214 fixed thereto. A chuck 222 has the tap 204 fixed therein, the tapbeing inserted the desired depth to produce the desired taping cut. Thechuck is provided with a stem 224reciprocating endwise in the bore ofthe shank 219. Guide-pins 225 are fixed tothe chuck and slide endwise inholes 226' in the hollow shank 219, for rotatively .holding the chuck tothe hollow shank and permitting endwise movement of the chuck, so that,after the tap has entered the bored hole in the work and begun itsthreading, the movement of the tool is primarily controlled by thethreading. For normally retracting the tapping chuck, the stem 224 has aspring 227 rece1ved thereabout, the spring being located in anenlargement 228 in the bore of the hollow shank 219. A nut 220 isthreaded over the threaded end of the stem. The spring is loratedbetween said not and the shoulder at the inner end of the enlargementfor urging the tapping tool inwardly. When the tappin tool has beenwithdrawn, rotation of the wor again begins, accomplished in usualmanner.

The advancing of the tap is caused by coaction of the rise cam-face 230of the cam-lobe 215, with the roller 57, durin the threading operation,and the tap is withdrawn for the unthreading operation duringcoaction'of the roller 57 with the fall cam-face 231 on the cam-lobe215. l

The turret is next indexed, and the endslide is then advanced for againplacing the stock-stop 191 in line with the stock to be fed.

During the last-named indexing of the turret and prior to beginning ofthe next feeding movement of the stock, the rear crossslide is advancedtoward the work by means of the side cam-lobe 102, (see Fig. 22), andwithdrawn out of range of the stock, the rear cross-slide being providedwith the cuttingoff tool 48. i

The finished piece of work drops, and the next feeding movement isimparted to the bar of stock from which the pieces are being outimmediately after retraction of the side cutting-oil tool 48 asufficient distance to clear the stock. The end of the bar of stock isfed against the stock-stop 191, which, as just explained, has by thelast indexing of the turret been again presented to the end of thestock, ready for repetition of the series of operations.

In the example stated, referring to Figs. 20, 21 and 22 and columns 186and 188 of Fig. 17, it will be noted that cam-lobes only are employed ofthe series having differences inangular distances of five-hundredths(.05), and it will be noted from the memorandum made at the foot ofcolumns 184 to 188 inclusive, that the time consumed for forming eachpiece is 6.75 seconds. At this speed each indexing of the turrettakesplace, during an angular movement of the composite cam of .05.

It may be desired, however, as hereinbefore explained, to decrease thetime in which to form each of the pieces, and to approximate moreclosely to the calculated data con tained in columns 178 to 182inclusive. Assuming, therefore, that it is desired to form each 0 thepieces in 5 seconds, made possible by softness of stock being used orfor other reason, and assuming further that cam-lobes having diiferencesin angular distances of .05 only are available, the number of hundredthsof angles required for indexing the turret contained in column 180 aretaken as a basis, and the spindle having a speed of 4800 R. P. M., thespindle s eed in 5 seconds would be 400. Each hundre th angle thereforerep resents 4 revolutions and multipl ing the 7 i by 4 gives the resultof 28 revo utions required for indexing the turret. It will be notedthat the cam-lobes are so mounted that the angular distances betweencam-lobes are divided into steps of .01 angles.

Cam-lobes in steps of .05 angles only being available, such cam-lobesare selected for the various cutting operations as most closely approachthe calculated angles contained in column 180, using cam-lobes havingsteeper eripheral cam-faces where lighter cuts are eing taken andcompensating that with camiobes having peripheral cam faces not so steepwhere heavier cuts are being taken, and dividing the angles ayailableamong the various cutting operations accordingly. The selected toolfeeds per revolution given in column 232 are the results of theselections of the angles and rises.

Selected tool-feeds per revolution, selected numbers of revolutions,selected angular distances, selected rises in thousandths, and data asto side cam-lobes, as designated in the respective columns 232, 233,234, 235 and 236, thus selected produce the desired result.

By the selection of cam-lobes arranged in diflerences of five-hundredths(.05) and designated in columns 234, 236, and providing an angulartravel of seven-hundredths (.07) for turret indexing, a composite cam isassembled such as shown in Fig. 23, in which the cam-lobes aredesignated respectively by the numerals 192, 242, 198, 200, 245 and 246.In this instance threading cam No. 2 hereinafter described is employed.This composite cam, similar to the composite cam shown in Fig. 20, isimposed on an angular scale showing the hundreddivisions of the circle.The operations corresponding to the operations in column 177 are alsoimposed on this figure.

The side cam-lobe 101 for the front crossslide 41 for side forming thework, shown in Fig. 21, and the side cam-lobe 102 shown in Fig. 22, forthe rear crossslide 42 having the cutting-oil tool thereon, similarlyarranged and timed as in the last preceding instance,

are employed in connection with the com- I posite end-cam shown in Fig.23.

In' this instance, in order to save angular distance for operations, thean ul'ar distance of the dwellin face of the camobe for stockfe'ed,whichs ould be of thesame angular distance as the angular distancereserved for turret operation, which, at the speedof finishing eachpiece of work instanced, is .07

'piece' of ing the steps of angular distances 'lo es is reduced to .05,but the .07 is allowed, beginning with the zero mark on the scale on theend of the collar. This is permissible because the stock-bar fed b thestock feeding means will not have reached the dwell-face of the cam 192for, stock-stop, until the initial angular movement of .02 will havebeen made, so

that the end of the stock ga g e the stock-stop.

he time, five seconds, for forming each work, is'noted at the bottoms ofcolumns 232to236 inclusive. a The steps of difierences in angulardistancesof the cam-lobes may be .still further sub-divided, forinstance, by sub-divid of the caminto smgleone-hundredths. Assuming nowthat the same piece of work will properly on- 'is to be formed byemploymentof the set of cam-lobes with such more minute subdivisions ofone-hundredths, and that it should be desired to finish each piece ofwork in five seconds, each piece of work is formed durof .07, equalining 400 revolutions of the spindle and each in exing of the turret is anangular movement of I e composite cam '28 revolutions of the s indle.The angular istances are the same in this instance as the angulardistances in the cal culation found in column 180. The selectedtool-feed per-revolution, selected number of revolutions, selectedangular distance in hundredths, rise in thousandths, and data-asto sidecam-lobes, as designated in the ective columns 252, 253 254, 255, 256,will produce the desired result. Threading cam No. 2 hereinafterdescribed is selected i611 the threading operation. 'By selection ofcams lobes havmgthe an lar distances designated in column 254 an column255, a composite cam is assembledas shown inFig. 26, this compositecambein imposed on an angular scale of one hund divisions in the circle,and this figure having the o erations'of column 177 imposed thereon. hecam-lobe's' in this fi are are desig- Y nated by the reference numera s261, 262, 263, a v 264, 203 and 246. a a

A side cam-lobe 267, shown in Fig.27, for operating thefrontcross-slide, similarly placed as in preceding instances, is employed inconnection with the compositec'am shown in. Fig. 26. A side cam-lobe268, shown in Fig. 28, is employed in the last instance for operatingthe rear toolslide' having the cut ofi' to'ol'mounted thereon.

' in Fig. 29, cam-lobes will erformed during 5.

the rises designated in e tabulation s These examples illustrate theadaptabilit of our invention to various conditions an exemplify itsextreme flexibility.

A table of standardized camobes is shown in Fig. 29, in which the camsare indicated as divided into steps of angles of five hundredths (.05)in bolder numerals and as sub-divided into. an ular distances of,one-hundredths (.01 in ighter numerals.

T e cam-lobes of various angular distances are divided into. steps ofrises oftwenty five thousandths (.025) of an inch. The minorsubdivisions of angular differences of.onehundredth (.01) may becontinuous throughout the series or such portions of the series as, maybe desired. We have omitted portions of the enumerations in Fi 29 onaccount of I lack of space. It is also to e understood that fromtheir'axes of rotations ependent on the The tabulation s o s a column ofangular size of machine em leied.

distances, a cross ii of designated rises,

1cc and columns of such designated rises comple-s.

mental to the various angular distances noted.

' The tabulation is divided into s aces 271 atthe crossing points of thecrossines of angular'distances and vertical columns ofrises,

to designate the desired cam-lobes provided.

The spaces designatin sizes not needed are concelledby cross-mar theupper right hand'part of the ta ulation' 1 are so cross-marked.Cam-lobes of certain angular distances may also'extend throu houtonly agiven series of rises and cam-lo es of certain rises may extendthroughout only a iven series of an lar distances.

gh ws the camlobes which the user of the machine has on hand and theuser will select the cam-lobe'on hand whlch a propriates most nearly thecam-face w ii'ch his calculation shows to be the proper cam-face,dependent on the character of "work. If the user desiresto use acam-lobe having a rise.of one hundred and fifty thousandths .150.) of;an inch and an angular distance of twenty hundredths (.20),

usually expressed 150/20, he can readily see, by referring to theverticalcolunin, angular distances in the tabulation shown n Fig. 29,that he has a line of cam-lobes of the de sired angular distance, and byreference ,to

272 therein. Thus spaces in the lower left hand art and

